Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a rare cancer, usually affecting young adults and those over 55 years. A subset of patients experiences relapsed or refractory disease, which remains a treatment challenge. Understanding molecular biomarkers, especially programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), is increasingly important for developing new therapies. PD-1 is an immune checkpoint that controls T-cell activation, and its overexpression in cHL enables tumors to evade immune detection. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as nivolumab, have shown promise in treating relapsed or refractory cHL by blocking PD-1 and restoring immune responses. This developing landscape requires oncology advanced practitioners to be aware of PD-1 as both a therapeutic target and a predictive biomarker, allowing for personalized treatment plans. Additionally, ensuring equitable access to these innovations remains a major concern, particularly for underserved populations. Oncology advanced practitioners play a critical role in closing care gaps, advocating for broader access, and maintaining ethical standards.
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